MONCTON

city and port, Westmorland county, southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. It lies 25 miles (40 km) from the mouth of the Petitcodiac River. Moncton is the second largest city in the province (after Saint John [101 miles southwest]). The site, which was originally occupied by a Micmac Indian village, was settled by French Acadians after 1698. Subsequently, Pennsylvania Germans (1763) and Empire Loyalists (1784) arrived, and the place became known as The Bend. It was renamed (1855) for Lieutenant Colonel Robert Monckton, leader of a British military expedition against the French at Fort Beausjour (26 miles southeast). The University of Moncton, founded in 1864 as St. Joseph's College and renamed in 1963, made Moncton the cultural centre of New Brunswick's Acadian population. During the 19th century, Moncton, favoured by its location at the head of a deepwater inlet, became a busy shipbuilding centre, but with the advent of steam vessels in the 1870s, this industry faded. The city's subsequent growth was linked with its position as a rail junction, port, highway hub, and air terminus. Unusual local features are Magnetic Hill (with its illusion of uphill gravitation) and a tidal bore, or wave, that rises 36 feet (12 m) twice daily and surges up the Petitcodiac River. The city's diversified industries include food processing, woodworking, lobster fisheries, and the manufacture of paperboard, farm implements, and auto parts. Inc. town, 1855; city, 1890. Pop. (1991) 57,010.