MONRAD, DITLEV GOTHARD

born Nov. 24, 1811, Copenhagen died March 28, 1887, Nykping, Den. clergyman, politician, a leader of the mid-19th-century Danish political reform movement and a member of several post-1848 governments. Suffering a crisis of faith while still a theology student, Monrad eventually recovered his faith, at the same time committing himself to political liberalism. As a Lutheran minister, he took part in the reform movement of the 1830s and 1840s, calling for a limitation on the monarchy as well as for a parliamentary government. With Orla Lehmann he presided over the National Liberal Party, which was founded in the 1840s, and he headed the government formed after the March 1848 demonstrations had forced the King to call for a constitution to limit his own regime. Monrad served as minister of culture from March to November 1848. Unable to support wholeheartedly his party's policy of annexing the duchy of Schleswig by means of the 184850 Schleswig War, Monrad resigned. Henceforth, he endeavoured to achieve the widest possible democratic participation in the constitutional assembly of 184849. Named a bishop in 1848, he was a member of Parliament from 1849 to 1865 and again joined a National Liberal government in 1859, serving as minister of culture and interior minister. Becoming prime minister in 1863, he led Denmark into the disastrous DanishGerman War (1864). Generally blamed for Denmark's defeat, he was dismissed in July 1864. After several years in New Zealand he returned to Denmark, serving once more in Parliament from 1882 to 1886, in opposition to the right-wing government of J.B.S. Estrup.