MOYNIHAN (OF LEEDS), BERKELEY GEORGE ANDREW MOYNIHAN, ...

born Oct. 2, 1865, Malta died Sept. 7, 1936, Carr Manor, Leeds, Yorkshire, Eng. British surgeon and teacher of medicine who was a noted authority on abdominal surgery. Shifting his interests from a military life to a career in medicine, Moynihan studied at Leeds Medical School and the University of London. In 1890 he became a fellow in England's Royal College of Surgeons, of which organization he was to be named president 36 years later. He took a position teaching anatomy at Leeds Medical School, where he then became a professor of surgery and a surgeon in the Leeds General Infirmary. His expertise in abdominal surgery drew students from all over the world. Moynihan was the author or coauthor of several well-known and authoritative monographs, including works on the surgical treatment of diseases of the stomach (1901) and pancreas (1902) and upon gastric and duodenal ulcers (1903) and gallstones (1904). His classic exposition of his surgical doctrine, Abdominal Operations, was published in 1905 and remained a standard text for two decades. His book Duodenal Ulcer (1910) secured his reputation as a clinical scientist. Moynihan also stressed the value of medical evidence obtained from living bodies on the operating table rather than from postmortem examinations. In 1913 he sponsored the introduction of a new journal, the British Journal of Surgery, which was designed to unite British surgeons with those of other countries. He was also instrumental in founding a number of clubs and organizations designed to promote exchange of information among surgeons and specialists. Moynihan was knighted in 1912 and raised to the peerage in 1929.