NEEDLEGRASS

European needlegrass (Stipa pennata) any of the grasses of the genus Stipa (family Poaceae), consisting of about 150 species with a sharply pointed grain and a long, threadlike awn (bristle). In some species, such as porcupine grass (Stipa spartea), the sharp grain may puncture the faces of grazing animals. Most needlegrasses provide good forage in dry areas before the seed is formed. They grow from 0.3 to 1 m (1 to 3 feet) tall. Some are highly drought resistant. Esparto grass (S. tenacissima and a species of the genus Lygeum), also known as alfa, or halfa, is used in the western Mediterranean area to make ropes, cords, and paper.