OHRID

town, Macedonia, on the northeastern shore of Lake Ohrid (Ohridsko Jezero). The chief resort of Macedonia, Ohrid is linked by rail, road, and air to Skopje. Agriculture, fishing, and tourism provide a livelihood for the population. A Greek colony called Lychnidos, Ohrid was by the 2nd century a post on the Via Aegnatia to Bitola and Greece. It was rebuilt by the Romans after a devastating earthquake in 518. Ohrid derives its name from the crag (Serbo-Croatian hrid) on which the old town stands. At the summit is the ruined fortress dating chiefly from the late 10th and early 11th centuries, when Ohrid was the capital of a Bulgarian tsar. Among the churches in the town are St. Sophia's, with 11th14th-century frescoes, and St. Clement's (1295), also with medieval frescoes uncovered in the 1950s. On a nearby hilltop is a quadrangular building, the Imaret, a Turkish mosque and inn, built on the foundations of the Monastery of St. Panteleimon (9th century), associated with St. Clement, the first Slav bishop of Ohrid. St. Clement opened the first Slavic school of higher learning, wrote the earliest works of Slavic literature, and, with St. Naum, translated the Scriptures from Greek into Slavonic. The 10th-century monastery of Sveti Naum (St. Naum), about 19 miles (31 km) south, crowns a prominent crag on the Macedonia-Albania frontier and overlooks Lake Ohrid. Pop. (1991 prelim.) mun., 65,531.