OLYMPIC GAMES, FLAG OF THE

flag consisting of a white field bearing five equal interlocking rings of blue, dark yellow, black, green, and red with separations wherever two rings intersect. The width-to-length ratio of the flag is 2:3. In 1914, when the International Olympic Committee (IOC) held its 20th anniversary meeting in Paris, the Olympic flag was displayed for the first time. The design had been conceived by the French educator Pierre, baron de Coubertin, who developed the modern Olympic movement. It has been claimed that Coubertin found the design of five interlocked rings on an ancient altar in Delphi, Greece. The five rings symbolized the five parts of the world in which the Olympic movement was active, according to Coubertin. Contrary to popular belief, however, the colours of the rings are not associated with specific continents. Rather, those five colours and white were chosen because they incorporated the flag colours of all nations in existence at the time the Olympic flag was created. During the opening ceremonies of each new Winter or Summer Games, the flag flown at the previous Olympic Games is always presented to the president of the IOC, who then delivers it to the organizers of the new Games. The Olympic oath is later taken by specially chosen participants, each of whom holds the Olympic flag in the left hand and raises the right hand while taking the oath. At the closing ceremony, the end of the Games is symbolized by lowering the flag. In addition to flying the traditional Olympic flag, Olympic organizing committees in cities hosting the Games often fly a flag of their own incorporating a version of the five-ring logo. The Olympic flag and rings are protected by law in nearly every nation in order to prevent their exploitation by unauthorized individuals or institutions. Since the 1980s the IOC has earned considerable revenue by licensing reproductions of the flag or logo. Whitney Smith