OPPEN, GEORGE

born April 24, 1908, New Rochelle, N.Y., U.S. died July 7, 1984, Sunnyvale, Calif. American poet and political activist, one of the chief proponents of Objectivism, a variation on Imagism. Oppen grew up in San Francisco and briefly attended Oregon State University, where he met his wife. In 1929 the Oppens moved to Paris, where from 1930 to 1933 they ran the To Publishers press. There they published An Objectivist Anthology (1932), a seminal work in the history of American poetry. The book was edited by Louis Zukofsky and contained work by Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, and William Carlos Williams, among others. When the press failed in 1933, the Oppens returned to the United States. The first book of Oppen's own poems, Discrete Series, was published in 1934. These spare, precisely written verses earned Oppen a reputation as one of the foremost Objectivist poets, who celebrated simplicity over formal structure and rhyme and emphasized the poem as an object in itself, not as a vehicle of meaning or association. Oppen became active in the U.S. Communist Party in the mid-1930s. In 1950 he fled to Mexico City to avoid persecution because of his politics, but he returned in 1958 and began writing poetry again. The Materials (1962) was his first book of poetry in 28 years. Most critics agree that Oppen's best work is Of Being Numerous (1968), which won a Pulitzer Prize. The Collected Poems of George Oppen was published in 1975, and Primitive, his last volume of poetry, in 1978. His married life is recounted in his wife's autobiography, Meaning a Life (1978). A volume of Oppen's correspondence, The Selected Letters of George Oppen, was published in 1990. Additional reading Burton Hatlen (ed.), George Oppen, Man and Poet (1981).