ORANT

in Christian art, a figure in a posture of prayer, usually standing upright with raised arms. The motif of the orant, which seems to reflect the standard attitude of prayer adopted by the first Christians, is particularly important in Early Christian art (c. 2nd6th century) and especially in the frescoes and graffiti that decorated Roman catacombs from the 2nd century on. Here many of the characters in Old Testament scenes of divine salvation of the faithful, the most commonly represented narrative subjects of the catacombs, are shown in the orant position. The most frequent use of the orant in the catacombs, however, was as an abstract representation of the soul of the deceased. In certain contexts, when it is identified with no particular individual, the orant has been interpreted as a symbol of faith or of the church itself. In the painting of the Byzantine Empire, the Madonna orant, or blacherniotissa, was one of the major types of depictions of the Virgin. Used to decorate the main apse of a number of churches, the Madonna orant stood symbolically as an intercession with Christ on behalf of the congregation.