OUN KHAM

born 1811/16 died Dec. 15, 1895 ruler of the Lao principality of Luang Prabang (187294), whose troubled reign ended with the establishment of a French protectorate over Laos. From the 1870s northern Laos increasingly was beset by invading bands of Chinese (Ho, or Haw) freebooters and bandits, against whom Oun Kham's weak forces were powerless. When he was unable to resist effectively an attack on Luang Prabang in 1885, his overlord, the king of Siam (Thailand), dispatched an army to defend the area, as well as commissioners to run his state. When the Siamese army left in 1887, the band of the Tai pirate Deo Van Tri overwhelmed Luang Prabang, and Oun Kham took refuge at Pak Lay, near the Siamese border, with the assistance of the French vice-consul Auguste Pavie in Luang Prabang. Pavie quickly ingratiated himself with Oun Kham, who felt that the Frenchman had saved his lifea gesture that was not forgotten. His health in grave condition after his escape, Oun Kham spent two years in Bangkok, the Siamese capital. He was reinstalled as sovereign in Luang Prabang in 1889 and reigned until 1894, when he was replaced by his son, Kham Suk, who reigned as King Zakarine. Following the Franco-Siamese Conflict of 1893, Luang Prabang and the rest of Laos was transferred by treaty from Siam to France.