PALLENBERG, MAX

born Dec. 18, 1877, Vienna, Austria-Hungary died June 26, 1934, Karlsbad, Austria actor, an exponent of the Austrian tradition of extempore farce, whose talents contributed to the evolution of German theatrical practice. Pallenberg's career started in Vienna (1909) with appearances in popular revues and operettas, but soon he was at Berlin's Deutsches Theater working with Max Reinhardt. Pallenberg's comic improvisational skills created difficulties for the actors who worked with him but gave his performances an immediacy and authenticity valued by critics and audiences alike. He continued to work with Reinhardt in farces that exploited his talent for improvisation but was soon given more conventionally structured roles as well. Pallenberg was particularly well received in his portrayals of the Cashier in Georg Kaiser's Morn to Midnight, the Barker in Ferenc Molnar's Liliom, and Argon in Molire's Imaginary Invalid. Pallenberg's stellar role, however, came under the direction of Erwin Piscator in the latter's 1928 production of Bertolt Brecht's dramatic adaptation of Jaroslav Haek's novel The Good Soldier Schweik. As the befuddled underdog Schweik, Pallenberg created the perfect foil for Piscator's multimedia epic theatre event, which used cutout cartoon characters, animated film, treadmills, signboards, and abstract lighting to condemn bureaucratic manipulation and callousness. He was forced to leave Germany in the early 1930s because his wife, the operetta star Fritzi Massary, was Jewish; Pallenberg was killed in an airplane crash on the way to a theatrical appearance.