PANKHURST, DAME CHRISTABEL HARRIETTE

born Sept. 22, 1880, Manchester, Eng. died Feb. 13, 1958, Los Angeles, Calif., U.S. suffragist leader credited with organizing the tactics of the militant British suffrage movement. A daughter of suffrage activist Emmeline Pankhurst and a sister of Sylvia Pankhurst, Christabel Pankhurst advocated the use of militant tactics to win the vote for women in England. With her mother she founded the Women's Social and Political Union in 1903. Reflecting the Union's slogan, Deeds not Words, Pankhurst, with Annie Kenney, fired the opening salvo in the militant suffrage campaign by disrupting a Liberal Party meeting in Manchester in 1905. Her action (she unfurled a banner reading Votes for Women) received worldwide attention after she was sent to jail. Pankhurst subsequently directed a campaign that included direct physical action, hunger strikes, and huge open-air rallies. During World War I, she declared a suffrage truce and helped to lead the war effort in England; in 1928 women became enfranchised in that country. In later life Pankhurst became a religious evangelist. In 1936 she was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire.