PARETSKY, SARA

born June 8, 1947, Ames, Iowa, U.S. American mystery writer credited with breaking the gender barrier in detective fiction with her popular series of novels featuring V.I. Warshawski, a female private investigator. All her books are set in and around Chicago. After she received a Ph.D. in history and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago in 1977, Paretsky worked for a large insurance company until she began to write full-time in 1985. It was with Indemnity Only (1982) that her wisecracking, independent, passionate, and compassionate female private detective was created. In other V.I. Warshawski novels, such as Deadlock (1984) and Killing Orders (1985), the sleuth becomes the target of violence and learns of conspiracies involving big business, organized crime, and (in Killing Orders) the Roman Catholic church. Paretsky explored social issues in many of her books, including Bitter Medicine (1987), which deals with abortion rights and the medical community, Burn Marks (1990), Guardian Angel (1992), and Tunnel Vision (1994). Many critics considered Paretsky's best novel to be Blood Shot (1988), which follows V.I.'s search for an old friend's missing father and her discovery that ruthless chemical company executives are poisoning her childhood neighbourhood for material gain. Paretsky broke from her heroine with the publication of Ghost Country (1998), which features a pair of debutante sisters as amateur detectives, but she returned to V.I. in Hard Time (1999). In the mid-1980s Paretsky helped found Sisters in Crime to promote the work of other women mystery writers and to challenge the publication of crime stories marred by gratuitous violence against women. She edited A Woman's Eye, a collection of crime stories by women, in 1991.