PASSAIC

city, Passaic county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S., on the Passaic River, 9 miles (14 km) north of Newark. It was established by the Dutch in 1678 as a fur-trading post. In 1685 Hartman Michielson purchased the site, then called Acquackanonk, from the Delaware Indians. It was renamed for the Passaic River in 1854. During the American Revolution it was occupied by General George Washington's troops, and following their retreat, the British general Lord Cornwallis was quartered there. Passaic thrived as a river port until the completion of the Morris Canal between Newark and Phillipsburg (1831), and the building of the railroad reduced river commerce even further. With the construction of a dam (c. 1850) Passaic became a textile centre. Industrial expansion brought a growth in the populationfrom 6,532 in 1880 to 54,773 in 1910 the increase including large numbers of eastern European immigrants, especially Hungarians, Slovaks, and Poles. Once a leading woolen producer, Passaic's last mill ceased operation about 1955. The city was the scene of serious labour struggles, notably a construction workers' riot (1906) and textile strikes (1926) that involved wage cuts and the right of free assembly. Still an industrial city, its chief products now include rubber goods, plastics, home furnishings, chemicals, leather goods, textile machinery, and clothing. Inc. 1873. Pop. (1990) city, 58,041; Bergen-Passaic PMSA, 1,278,682; (1996 est.) city, 57,039; Bergen-Passaic PMSA, 1,311,331. county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S., bordered by New York state to the north and the Pequannock and Pompton rivers to the south; the Passaic River, which crosses the southeastern portion of the county, forms part of the southern and eastern borders. The terrain of the rural northwestern arm of the county is more rugged than that of the populous southeastern arm; the northwest also has numerous lakes. Oak and hickory trees predominate throughout the county. Recreational areas include Wanaque Reservoir, Greenwood Lake, Ringwood and Wawayanda state parks, and Abram S. Hewitt and Norvin Green state forests. Algonquian-speaking Delaware Indians were early inhabitants of the region. Iron mining began in the mid-18th century. By the mid-19th century the county was known for its silks, locomotives, and cotton sails. In 1791 statesman Alexander Hamilton chose Paterson, later the county seat, as the site of the nation's first planned industrial community. Along with nearby Haledon, Paterson was important to the development of the labour movement. The William Paterson College of New Jersey in Wayne was established in 1855. Located in the Ramapo Mountains, the lavish Ringwood Manor was built by Abram Stevens Hewitt, a local ironmaster. Passaic county was founded in 1837 and named for the Passaic River. The industrial cities of Paterson, Passaic, and Clifton help make manufacturing (plastics and search and navigation equipment) the main economic activity. Also important are health and business services. Area 185 square miles (479 square km). Pop. (1990) 453,302; (1996 est.) 464,833.