PAVLOV, IVAN PETROVICH

born Sept. 14 [Sept. 26, New Style], 1849, Ryazan, Russia died Feb. 27, 1936, Leningrad [now St. Petersburg] Pavlov Russian physiologist known chiefly for his development of the concept of the conditioned reflex. In a now-classic experiment, he trained a hungry dog to salivate at the sound of a bell, which was previously associated with the sight of food. He developed a similar conceptual approach, emphasizing the importance of conditioning, in his pioneering studies relating human behaviour to the nervous system. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1904 for his work on digestive secretions. Additional reading Boris Petrovich Babkin, Pavlov: A Biography (1949, reissued 1971), based on personal and professional knowledge of the author, one of Pavlov's oldest pupils, is the most complete and reliable account until World War I; in dealing with Pavlov's later life Babkin depends upon other sources, including the memoirs of his widow. A more recent study of his life and career is Jeffrey A. Gray, Ivan Pavlov (1980). W. Horsley Gantt, Russian Medicine (1937, reprinted 1978), shows the relation of Pavlov to prominent Russian figures in medicine; see also W. Horsley Gantt, L. Pickenhain, and Ch. Zwingmann (eds.), Pavlovian Approach to Psychopathology (1970).