PICASSO, PABLO

born Oct. 25, 1881, Mlaga, Spain died April 8, 1973, Mougins, France in full Pablo Ruiz y Picasso Spanish expatriate painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. The enormous body of Picasso's work remains, and the legend lives ona tribute to the vitality of the disquieting Spaniard with the sombre . . . piercing eyes who superstitiously believed that work would keep him alive. For nearly 80 of his 91 years Picasso devoted himself to an artistic production that contributed significantly to and paralleled the whole development of modern art in the 20th century. Additional reading Biography and criticism Jaime Sabarts, Picasso: An Intimate Portrait, trans. from Spanish (1948), is a fundamental biographical source, although many Picasso legends begin here. Picasso himself approved the biography by Antonina Vallentin, Picasso (1963). Other biographies and memoirs are Dore Ashton (comp.), Picasso on Art: A Selection of Views (1972); Brassa, Picasso and Company (1966; U.K. title, Picasso & Co., 1967; originally published in French, 1964), conversations with the artist; Pierre Daix, La Vie de peintre de Pablo Picasso (1977), a well-documented chronological study of his work; Franoise Gilot and Carlton Lake, Life with Picasso (1964, reissued 1981), informative and sometimes biased memoirs; Patrick O'Brian, Picasso: Pablo Ruiz Picasso: A Biography (U.K. title, Pablo Ruiz Picasso, 1976); Fernande Olivier, Picasso and His Friends (1964; originally published in French, 1933), early memoirs; Roland Penrose, Picasso: His Life and Work, 3rd ed. (1981); and Gertrude Stein, Picasso (1938). More specific works of criticism are Alfred H. Barr, Jr., Picasso: Fifty Years of His Art (1946, reprinted 1984); Marilyn McCully (ed.), A Picasso Anthology: Documents, Criticism, Reminiscences (1981, reissued 1982); Josep Palau I Fabre, Picasso, the Early Years: 18811907 (1981; originally published in Catalan, 1980), containing more than 1,500 illustrations; and Gert Schiff (ed.), Picasso in Perspective (1976), a collection of essays about his work. See also Ray Anne Kibbey, Picasso: A Comprehensive Bibliography (1977), with limited general coverage through 1976. Catalogs Georges Bloch, Pablo Picasso, 4 vol. (196879), including printed graphic work from 1904 to 1972 and painted ceramics from 1949 to 1971; Douglas Cooper and Gary Tinterow, The Essential Cubism 19071920: Braque, Picasso & Their Friends (1983); Douglas Cooper, Picasso Theatre (1968; originally published in French, 1967); Pierre Daix and Georges Boudaille, Picasso: A Catalogue Raisonn, 19001906, rev. ed. (1967; originally published in French, 1966); Pierre Daix, Picasso: The Cubist Years, 19071916: A Catalogue Raisonn of the Paintings and Related Works (1979; originally published in French, 1979); Christian Geelhaar et al., Pablo Picasso: Das Sptwerk: Themen 19641972 (1981); Bernhard Geiser (ed.), L'Oeuvre grav de Picasso (1955); Jrgen Glaesemer (ed.), Der Junge Picasso: Frhwerk und blaue Periode (1984); Arnold Glimcher and Mark Glimcher (eds.), Je Suis le Cahier: The Sketchbooks of Picasso (1986); Sebastian Goeppert, Herma Goeppert-Frank, and Patrick Cramer, Pablo Picasso: The Illustrated Books (1983; originally published in French, 1983); William Rubin (ed.), Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective (1980); Gert Schiff, Picasso: The Last Years, 19631973 (1983); Werner Spies, Picasso: Pastelle, Zeichnungen, Aquarelle (1986); Gary Tinterow, Master Drawings by Picasso (1981); and Christian Zervos, Pablo Picasso, 33 vol. (193278), a basic work reproducing the works in black and white. Marilyn McCully Major Works: Paintings Girl with Bare Feet (1895; Picasso Museum, Paris); Science and Charity (1897; Picasso Museum, Barcelona); Portrait of Carles Casagemas (1899; Picasso Museum, Barcelona); Lovers in the Street (1900; Picasso Museum, Barcelona); Moulin de la Galette (1900; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York City); Mourners (1901; private collection, United States); Evocation (1901; Museum of Modern Art of the City of Paris); Self-Portrait (1901; Picasso Museum, Paris); El Bock (Portrait of Jaime Sabarts) (1901; State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow); The Soup (1902; Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto); Crouching Woman (1902; Art Gallery of Ontario); The Two Sisters (1902; Hermitage, Leningrad); Blind Man's Meal (1903; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City); Old Jew and a Boy (1903; State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts); La Vie (1903; Cleveland Museum of Art); The Old Guitarist (1903; Art Institute of Chicago); The Tragedy (1903; National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.); Family of Saltimbanques (1905; National Gallery of Art); Girl Balancing on a Ball (1905; State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts); The Actor (1905; Metropolitan Museum of Art); The Harem (1906; Cleveland Museum of Art); La Toilette (1906; Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo); Portrait of Gertrude Stein (1906; Metropolitan Museum of Art); Two Nudes (1906; Museum of Modern Art, New York City); Seated Female Nude with Crossed Legs (1906; National Gallery, Prague); Self-Portrait with Palette (1906; Philadelphia Museum of Art); Woman with Loaves (1906; Philadelphia Museum of Art); Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907; Museum of Modern Art); Three Women (190809; Hermitage); Bread and Fruit Dish on a Table (1909; Public Art Collection, Basel, Switz.); Factory at Horta de Ebro (1909; Hermitage); Woman with Pears (1909; State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts); Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (1910; State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts); Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (1910; Art Institute of Chicago); The Accordionist (1911; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum); Ma Jolie (191112; Museum of Modern Art); Still Life with Chair Caning (191112; Picasso Museum, Paris); Student with a Pipe (1913; Museum of Modern Art); Woman in a Chemise (1913; private collection, United States); Harlequin (1915; Museum of Modern Art); Portrait of Olga (1917; Picasso Museum, Paris); Harlequin (1917; Picasso Museum, Barcelona); Passeig de Colom (1917; Picasso Museum, Barcelona); Three Musicians (1921; Philadelphia Museum of Art); Three Musicians (1921; Museum of Modern Art); Pipes of Pan (1923; Picasso Museum, Paris); Three Dancers (1925; Tate Gallery, London); Woman in an Armchair (1929; Picasso Museum, Paris); Crucifixion (1930; Picasso Museum, Paris); Seated Bather (1930; Museum of Modern Art); Bather with Beach Ball (1932; private collection, United States); Girl Before a Mirror (1932; Museum of Modern Art); The Female Swimmer (1934; Marina Picasso Collection, Geneva); Nude Asleep in a Landscape (1934; Picasso Museum, Paris); Guernica (1937; Casn del Buen Retiro, Prado, Madrid); Weeping Woman (1937; private collection, England); Still Life with Red Bull's Head (1938; Museum of Modern Art); Portrait of Jaime Sabarts (1939; Picasso Museum, Barcelona); Woman Dressing Her Hair (1940; private collection, United States); L'Aubade (1942; National Museum of Modern Art, Beaubourg Centre, Paris); The Charnel House (194445; Museum of Modern Art); Joie de Vivre (1946; Picasso Museum, Antibes, Fr.); Femme Fleur (1946; private collection, France); Peace (1952; National Picasso Museum, Vallauris, Fr.); War (1952; National Picasso Museum); Women of Algiers, After Delacroix (series, 195455); Las Meninas, After Velzquez (series 1957; Picasso Museum, Barcelona); Rape of the Sabines (1963; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston); Man with Pipe and Cupid (1969; Am Rhyn-Haus, Luzern, Switz.); The Kiss (1969; Picasso Museum, Paris); Young Bather with Sand Shovel (1971; private collection, France). Sculpture (Works without ownership identification exist in multiple castings.) The Jester (bronze, 1905); Head of a Woman (bronze, 1909); Guitar (sheet metal and wire, 1912; Museum of Modern Art); Absinthe Glass (painted bronze and silver sugar strainer, 1914; six versions); Guitar (floorcloth, string, nails, and newspaper, 1926; Picasso Museum, Paris); Construction (iron wire, 1928; Picasso Museum, Paris); Bust of a Woman (bronze, 1932; Picasso Museum, Paris); Bull's Head (saddle and handlebars, 1943; Picasso Museum, Paris); Death's Head (bronze, 1942; Picasso Museum, Paris); Man with a Sheep (bronze, 1944); She-Goat (plaster, later bronze, 1950); Bathers (wood, 1956; State Gallery, Stuttgart, W.Ger.); Head (steel, 1967; Daley Center Plaza, Chicago). Works on paper The Frugal Repast (etching, 1904); Portrait of Max Jacob (pencil, 1915; private collection, France); Sleeping Peasants (tempera with coloured pencil, 1919; Museum of Modern Art); Portrait of Erik Satie (pencil, 1920; Picasso Museum, Paris); Portrait of Igor Stravinsky (pencil, 1920; Picasso Museum, Paris); illustrations for Balzac's Chef-d'uvre inconnu (13 etchings and 67 wood engravings, 1927 [published 1931]); illustrations for Ovid's Metamorphoses (30 etchings, 1930 [published 1931]); Crucifixion, After Grnewald (india ink series, 1932; Picasso Museum, Paris); cover of Minotaure (collage, 1933; Museum of Modern Art); Model and Surrealist Sculpture (etching, 1933); Sculptor's Studio (etchings, 193334); Minotauromachia (etching, 1935); Minotaur (ink and gouache series, 1936; Picasso Museum, Paris); Dream and Lie of Franco (etchings and aquatints, 1937); David and Bathsheba, After Cranach the Elder (lithograph series, 1947); Luncheon on the Grass, After Manet (sketchbook number 163, 1962; private collection, Paris); Suite 347 (etchings and engravings, 1968); Man and Seated Nude, Mougins (ink, 1970; Ludwig Museum, Cologne); Self-Portrait (crayons, 1972; Fuji TV Company Gallery, Japan). Ceramics Bullfight series (plates, 1949); Centaur series (plates, 1949); Visage de Femme (jug with spout, 1951; private collection, England); Hands Holding Fish (plate, 1953; State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts).