PLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERATION OF AMERICA

American organization that, since its founding in 1942, has worked as an advocate for education and personal liberties in the areas of birth control, family planning, and reproductive health care. The Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc., traces its beginnings to the birth control movement led by Margaret Sanger and her colleagues, who opened the nation's first birth control clinic in 1916 on the poverty-stricken Lower East Side of Brooklyn, New York. Created to free women from the chronic condition of pregnancy and the dangers of self-induced abortion, the clinic was shut down by police after only 10 days. Sanger and the others were imprisoned for violating the antiobscenity Comstock Act of 1873. Sanger's continuing efforts led to the foundation of both the American Birth Control League in 1921 and the Birth Control Federation of America in 1939, which became Planned Parenthood in 1942. From the 1940s through the early 1970s, Planned Parenthood consolidated and expanded the earlier crusade to raise public consciousness about the need for birth control and to win the federal government's support for family planning. The organization provided family planning counseling across the nation, played a role in the development of the birth control pill (approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1960) and the intrauterine device (IUD; 1968), and reached out to less-developed countries by establishing its Family Planning International Assistance program (1971). Acutely aware of the issue of privacy related to women's reproductive freedom, Planned Parenthood joined the grassroots movement to legalize abortion, which culminated in the historic 1973 Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision. In the 1970s, '80s, and '90s, Planned Parenthood and its local affiliates were involved in a number of legal suits involving the issue of a woman's access to abortion, and the national office fought to protect all aspects of reproductive rights, from client confidentiality to preserving federal funding for family planning. Planned Parenthood also expanded its services, offering sex education, prenatal care, infertility services, treatment for sexually transmitted diseases, and cancer screening.