PONGE, FRANCIS

born March 27, 1899, Montpellier, France died Aug. 6, 1988, Le Barsur-Loup in full Francis Jean Gaston Alfred Ponge French poet who crafted intricate prose poems about everyday objects. He sought to create a "visual equivalence" between language and subject matter by emphasizing word associations and by manipulating the sound, rhythm, and typography of the words to mimic the essential characteristics of the object described. Ponge studied philosophy and law in Paris before serving in the army during World War I. In the 1920s he was briefly involved with the Surrealist movement. He joined the Communist Party in 1937 and served as literary and art editor of the communist weekly Action from 1944 to 1946, but he left the Communist Party in 1947 to concentrate on writing and teaching at the Alliance Franaise (1952-64). He was probably best known for his collection of verse Le Parti pris des choses (1942; rev. ed., 1949; The Voice of Things) and for the book-length poem Le Savon (1967; Soap). He was made Commander of the Legion of Honour in 1959 and received the French Academy's grand prize for poetry in 1972 and the National Poetry Prize in 1981.