PORTER, KEITH ROBERTS

born June 11, 1912, Yarmouth, N.S., Can. died May 2, 1997, Bryn Mawr, Pa., U.S. Canadian-born American cell biologist who pioneered techniques for electron microscope studies of the internal structure and organization of cells and tissues. Porter studied biology at Acadia University (Wolfville, Nova Scotia) and Harvard University, from which he obtained a Ph.D. in 1938. From 1939 to 1961 he was a member of the Rockefeller Institute (later Rockefeller University) in New York City. During that period he devised methods for using the electron microscope to obtain high-resolution images of individual cells. These procedures enabled Porter and his colleagues to examine the internal organization and fine structures of cells in detail for the first time. He studied the intracellular transport system known as the endoplasmic reticulum and helped discover the convoluted arrays of skeleton-like elements called microtubules, which play a vital role in organizing the contents of the cell. Porter was a member of the biology department at Harvard from 1961 to 1970, serving as its chairman (1965-67). He also chaired (1968-75) the newly formed department of molecular, cellular, and developmental biology at the University of Colorado at Boulder and served for several years as part-time director of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. The author of more than 200 scientific papers, he wrote, with Mary Bonneville, An Introduction to the Fine Structure of Cells and Tissues (1963; 4th ed., Fine Structure of Cells and Tissues, 1973). Porter was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1964 and was the recipient of a number of prestigious awards, including the National Medal of Science (1977).