POTTSVILLE

city, seat (1851) of Schuylkill county, east-central Pennsylvania, U.S. It is situated at the gap of the Schuylkill River through Sharp Mountain, on the southern edge of the Pennsylvania anthracite-coal region, 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Reading. The first settlers were massacred (1780) by Indians; other settlers arrived in 1800 and became engaged in iron production. John Pott, for whom the city was named, acquired and expanded the iron works shortly after his arrival in 1806 and laid out the town in 1816. With the discovery of coal in the vicinity, Pottsville became a boom town. In the 1860s and '70s it was a rallying point for the Molly Maguires, a secret miners' society that struggled to improve mining conditions, often with violent methods; a trial in Pottsville (1877) resulted in six hangings and numerous prison sentences of suspected members of the society. Following the decline of the coal industry, the manufacture of textiles, aluminum and steel products, and plastic film and containers became the city's economic mainstay. American novelist John O'Hara was born there and reportedly used Pottsville as the model for Gibbsville in Appointment in Samarra (1934) and other works. America's oldest brewery still in operation, the Yuengling Brewery, was established in Pottsville in 1829. Inc. borough, 1828; city, 1913. Pop. (1990) 16,603; (1998 est.) 15,374.