PUSHKIN, ALEKSANDR SERGEYEVICH

born May 26 [June 6, New Style], 1799, Moscow, Russia died Jan. 29 , 1837, St. Petersburg Russian poet, novelist, dramatist, and short-story writer; he has often been considered his country's greatest poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. Additional reading Janko Lavrin, Pushkin and Russian Literature (1947, reprinted 1969), discusses Pushkin's place and significance in the development of Russian literature. Samuel H. Cross and Ernest J. Simmons (eds.), Centennial Essays for Pushkin (1937, reissued 1967), collects essays published on the centenary of Pushkin's death. Detailed biographical and critical studies of Pushkin in English are Ernest J. Simmons, Pushkin (1937, reissued 1971); Walter N. Vickery, Pushkin: Death of a Poet (1968), and Alexander Pushkin, rev. ed. (1992); Robin Edmonds, Pushkin: The Man and His Age (1995); Henri Troyat, Pushkin, trans. by Nancy Amphoux (1970; originally published in French, 2 vol., 1946); John Bayley, Pushkin: A Comparative Commentary (1971); A.D.P. Briggs, Alexander Pushkin: A Critical Study (1983, reissued 1991); Abram Lezhnev, Pushkin's Prose (1983); Paul Debreczeny, The Other Pushkin: A Study of Alexander Pushkin's Prose Fiction (1983); Stephanie Sandler, Distant Pleasures: Alexander Pushkin and the Writing of Exile (1989); Sam Driver, Pukin: Literature and Social Ideas (1989); and Monika Greenleaf, Pushkin and Romantic Fashion: Fragment, Elegy, Orient, Irony (1994).