RAMESWARAM

island, southeastern Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. It forms part of Adams Bridge, a series of coral reef islands connecting India and Sri Lanka. The island contains a temple that is one of the most venerated of all Hindu shrines. The great Temple of Rameswaram was built in the 17th century on the traditional site said to be sanctified by the god Rama's footprints when he crossed the island on his journey to rescue his wife Sita from the demon Ravana. The temple is built on rising ground above a small lake. It is quadrangular in shape and is about 1,000 feet (305 m) long and 650 feet (198 m) wide. It has a 100-foot- (30-metre-) high gopura, or tower gateway, but the temple's outstanding features are its 700-foot- (213-metre-) long pillared halls, which open into richly decorated transverse galleries. The temple is perhaps the finest example of Dravidian architecture. Sacred to both Vaishnavas and Saivas, it is the most holy place for Hindus in India after Varanasi (Benares).