REGGIO DI CALABRIA

Latin Rhegium, city, capital of Reggio di Calabria province and former capital (until 1971) of Calabria region, southern Italy. It is a port on the Strait of Messina, opposite the city of Messina, Sicily. The original settlement of Rhegion (Latin Rhegium) was founded c. 720 BC by Greek colonists from Chalcis as a daughter city to Zankle (ancient name of Messina, q.v.). Under the tyrant Anaxilas, who also ruled Zankle, it prospered, but in 387 BC it was captured by Dionysius I the Younger, of Syracuse. Later it suffered under the Mamertini (mercenaries from Campania) until it fell in 270 BC to Rome, to which it was faithful throughout the Punic Wars. Occupied successively by the Visigoths, Goths, Byzantines, and Saracens, it was conquered by the Norman leader Robert Guiscard in 1060 and was subsequently included in the kingdoms of Sicily and (after 1282) Naples. Destroyed many times by Saracen invaders and by earthquakes, Reggio has been repeatedly reconstructed, experiencing alternate periods of splendour and decadence. Razed by an earthquake in 1908, it was afterward rebuilt with wide streets and low, reinforced concrete buildings. The transfer of the provincial capital to Catanzaro in 1971 resulted in widespread riots in Reggio di Calabria. Following a compromise, Reggio remained the Regional Assembly's permanent seat. Reggio is an archiepiscopal and metropolitan see, and its cathedral was reconstructed in Romanesque-Byzantine style. There are Greek and Roman remains, and the Museo Nazionale della Magna Grecia has a splendid archaeological collection. Reggio is linked by steamer and ferry with Messina, by rail with Naples, and by air with Rome and Palermo. A tourist resort and seaport, it supplies the perfume and pharmaceuticals industries with essences of bergamot and jasmine. Although its industries are small, they are varied, including fruit canning, silk milling, olive-oil extraction, and the manufacture of furniture and machinery. Pop. (1988 est.) mun., 178,714.