RIVERS, LARRY

original name Yitzroch Loiza Grossberg born Aug. 17, 1923, New York, N.Y., U.S. American painter whose works frequently combined the vigorous, painterly brushstrokes of Abstract Expressionism with the commercial images of the Pop art movement. Rivers studied composition at the Juilliard School of Music and was a professional jazz saxophonist. From 1947 to 1948 he studied in the New York City and Provincetown, Mass., school of the prominent Abstract Expressionist Hans Hofmann. He later studied at New York University College, graduating in 1951. His early paintings were exhibited in New York City in 1949. Rivers' first major work was The Burial (1951), a grim depiction of his grandmother's funeral, based on the famous Burial at Ornans by Gustave Courbet. His Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953) was based on the familiar work by a 19th-century American painter, Emanuel Leutze. Though criticized for its banal subject matter and mixture of styles, the painting nonetheless attracted widespread attention. From 1951 to 1957 he made a series of portraits of his mother-in-law, of which the harshly realistic Double Portrait of Berdie (1955) is perhaps best known. Rivers' works were characterized by competent draftsmanship, a fine sense of colour, and the frequent use of complex, fragmentary, and multiple views. Beginning in 1961, commercial images, such as cigarette packages, figured prominently in his pictures, which, after 1963, frequently had elements of collage, construction, and sculpture. A particularly elaborate example of such mixed-media works was The History of the Russian Revolution: From Marx to Mayakovsky (1965; Joseph H. Hirshhorn Collection, New York City), which had some 30 individual paintings and included, among other objects, a machine gun.