SAINT-EXUPRY, ANTOINE (-MARIE-ROGER) DE

born June 29, 1900, Lyon died July 31, 1944, in flight over the Mediterranean French aviator and writer whose works are the unique testimony of a pilot and a warrior who looked at adventure and danger with a poet's eyes. He came from an impoverished aristocratic family. A poor student, he failed the entrance examination to the cole Navale. In the course of his military service, he obtained his pilot's license (1922). In 1926 he joined the Compagnie Latcore in Toulouse and helped establish airmail routes over northwest Africa, the South Atlantic, and South America. In the 1930s he worked as a test pilot, a publicity attach for Air-France, and a reporter for Paris-Soir. In 1939, despite permanent disabilities resulting from serious flying accidents, he became a military reconnaissance pilot; after the fall of France (1940) he escaped to the U.S. In 1943 he rejoined the Air Force in North Africa and was shot down on a reconnaissance mission. Saint-Exupry found in aviation both a source for heroic action and a new literary theme. His works exalt perilous adventures at the cost of life as the highest realization of man's vocation. In his first book, Courrier-Sud (1929; Southern Mail, 1933), his new man of the skies, airmail pilot Jacques Bernis, dies in the desert of Rio de Oro. His second novel, Vol de nuit (1931; Night Flight, 1932), was dedicated to the glory of the first airline pilots and their mystical exaltation as they faced death in the rigorous performance of their duty. His own flying adventures are recorded in Terre des hommes (1939; Wind, Sand and Stars, 1939). He used his plane as an instrument to explore the world and to discover human solidarity in the fraternal efforts of men to accomplish their tasks. His language is lyrical and moving, with a simple nobility. Pilote de Guerre (1942; Flight to Arras, 1942) is a personal reminiscence of a reconnaissance sortie in May 1940 accomplished in a spirit of sacrifice against desperate odds. While in America he wrote Lettre un otage (1943; Letter to a Hostage, 1950), a call to unity among Frenchmen, and Le Petit Prince (1943; The Little Prince, 1943), a child's fable for adults, with a gentle and grave reminder that the best things in life are still the simplest ones and that real wealth is giving to others. The growing sadness and pessimism in Saint-Exupry's view of man appears in Citadelle (1948; The Wisdom of the Sands, 1952), a posthumous volume of reflections that show Saint-Exupry's persistent belief that man's only lasting reason for living is as repository of the values of civilization.