SANTAYANA, GEORGE

original name Jorge Augustn Nicols Ruiz De Santayana born Dec. 16, 1863, Madrid, Spain died Sept. 26, 1952, Rome, Italy Spanish-American philosopher, poet, and humanist who made important contributions to aesthetics, speculative philosophy, and literary criticism. From 1912 he resided in Europe, chiefly in France and Italy. Additional reading George W. Howgate, George Santayana (1938, reissued 1971); and Daniel Cory, Santayana: The Later Years (1963), together provide a detailed biographical portrait that may be supplemented by the more recent works by John McCormick, George Santayana (1987); and John Lachs, George Santayana (1988). Of special interest among book-length studies of his moral philosophy are Willard E. Arnett, Santayana and the Sense of Beauty (1955, reissued 1969); Milton Karl Munitz, The Moral Philosophy of Santayana (1939, reissued 1972); Timothy L.S. Sprigge, Santayana (1974); and Anthony Woodward, Living in the Eternal: A Study of George Santayana (1988). Paul Arthur Schilpp (ed.), The Philosophy of George Santayana, 2nd ed. (1951, reprinted 1971), brings together some of the shorter critiques of Santayana's philosophy.