SCARBOROUGH

city, one of the boroughs that, with the borough of East York and the cities of Etobicoke, York, North York, and Toronto, constitute the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto, southeastern Ontario, Can. Scarborough is bounded north by Markham township, east by Pickering township, south by Lake Ontario, and west by the cities of Toronto and North York and the borough of East York. Scarborough township (incorporated 1850) was reconstituted as a borough on Jan. 1, 1967. First called Glasgow, it was renamed in 1793 at the suggestion of Mrs. John Graves Simcoe, wife of the lieutenant governor, because its coastal bluffs resembled the cliffs at Scarborough, Eng. Originally a farming community, it has rapidly developed since World War II into a well-planned industrial and residential urban complex with a commercial stretch known as the Golden Mile and more than 2,500 acres (1,000 hectares) of park land. Scarborough College (1964) is affiliated with the University of Toronto, and Centennial College (1967) offers courses in applied arts and technology. St. Augustine's Seminary is located in the borough. Pop. (1991) 524,598. town and borough on the North Sea coast, administrative county of North Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, England. Scarborough town originated from a 10th-century Viking fishing settlement in the shelter of a craggy sandstone headland, where there had earlier been a Roman signal station. In the 12th century a Norman castle was built on the headland. Spa development after 1626 and sea bathing later contributed to Scarborough's burgeoning as a fashionable 18th-century resort. From 1845 the railways further stimulated its growth and extended the social range of its clientele. Scarborough remains the most popular seaside resort town in northeastern England. It is also a significant conference centre and retirement town. The borough of Scarborough extends far beyond old Scarborough town. It lies almost entirely within North York Moors National Park. Eskdale in the north and the valley of the River Derwent in the south cut through heather-clad moorlands with scattered sheep farms and some recently planted forest. Coastal cliffs shelter small picturesque fishing villages. Most of the population lives in the coastal resorts of Scarborough, Whitby, and Filey. Area 315 square miles (817 square km). Pop. (1998 est.) 108,200. chief town and deepwater harbour of Tobago island in the Trinidad and Tobago group in the southern Caribbean Sea. Formerly called Port Louis, it overlooks Scarborough Harbour, formerly Rockly Bay, and is steeply laid out on the bottom slopes of a hill 8 miles (13 km) from Tobago's southwestern tip. It succeeded Georgetown, now Mount Saint George, as capital of Tobago in 1796, though it had been destroyed by fire only six years earlier. On top of the hill is Fort King George (1770s), with a ruined barracks and hospital, and a rebuilt Anglican church. The town is in a coconut-growing area; industries include sawmilling and lime-oil production. Pop. (1980) 6,089. also spelled Scarboro, town, Cumberland county, southwestern Maine, U.S. It lies at the mouth of the Nonesuch River on the Atlantic coast. The town includes the communities of Scarborough, Higgins Beach, Prouts Neck, and West Scarborough. Scarborough is mainly a residential suburb for Greater Portland and the Biddeford-Saco urbanized area. Black Point, an early settlement made by Thomas Cammock, combined in 1658 with Blue Point and Stratton's Islands to form one incorporated community, which was named for Scarborough, Eng. After 1883 the painter Winslow Homer made his home at Prouts Neck, a peninsula at the river mouth, and many of his canvases were inspired by the wild, rockbound Atlantic coast; his studio is a national landmark. Farming, tourism, and Scarborough Downs Race Track are important to the economy. Area 48 square miles (124 square km). Pop. (1990) 12,518; (1996 est.) 14,075.