SEVEN OAKS MASSACRE

(1816), destruction of the Hudson's Bay Company's Red River Settlement (q.v.) in what is now Manitoba, Canada, by agents of the rival North West Company. On June 19, 1816, a party of about 60 Mtis (persons of mixed European and Indian blood) under Cuthbert Grant, a North West Company employee, set out to run provisions for North West Company canoes past the Red River colony; they plundered some outlying posts on the Assiniboine River and then stopped at a place called Seven Oaks, near the Hudson's Bay Company's post at Fort Douglas. Robert Semple, the governor of the colony and governor in chief of the Hudson's Bay Company's territories in North America, led a group of about 25 soldiers and settlers to parley with the Mtis. A fight broke out in which Semple and 19 of his men were killed; Grant lost only one man. The Mtis gave no quarter to their wounded opponents, and in the following days they forced the remaining settlers to leave under the threat of massacre. The destruction of the Red River colony, however, was only temporary; it was restored the following year.