SHIDEHARA KIJURO, DANSHAKU

(Baron) born Sept. 13, 1872, Osaka, Japan died March 10, 1951, Tokyo Japanese diplomat, statesman, and prime minister for a brief period after World War II (194546). He was so closely identified with the peaceful foreign policy followed by Japan in the 1920s that this policy is usually referred to as Shidehara diplomacy. Shidehara entered the diplomatic service in 1899 and served in Korea, London, Washington, and The Netherlands. As ambassador to the United States in 1919, he argued in vain against U.S. immigration laws discriminating against the Japanese. He was the chief Japanese delegate to the Washington Conference (192122), in which the major Pacific powers agreed to a naval disarmament and a series of international agreements that would provide for security in the Pacific. As foreign minister of Japan from 1924 to 1927 and again from 1929 to 1931, Shidehara became known as an advocate of a conciliatory policy toward China and a policy of economic rather than military expansion. Although he was forced from office by the militarists in 1931, Shidehara continued to be held in high regard abroad. He again played a significant role in Japanese politics in October 1945, when, at the age of 73, he was accepted by the American military occupation authorities as prime minister. He held office until the end of the demilitarization period in May 1946. He was then elected as a conservative to the lower house of the Diet (parliament), where he served as speaker until his death. Although a liberal in foreign policy, he was conservative in domestic affairs, a fact that may be partly explained by his long association with the Mitsubishi financial interests (his wife was the daughter of the head of the Mitsubishi industrial combine).