SIVAJI

born Feb. 19, 1630, or April 1627, Shivner, Pune, India died April 3, 1680, Rajgarh also spelled Shivaji Indian king (reigned 167480), founder of the Maratha kingdom of India. This kingdom's security was based on religious toleration and on the functional integration of the Brahmans, Marathas, and Prabhus. Additional reading Jadunath Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times, 6th ed., rev. and enlarged (1961), is a study by one of the greatest authorities, based chiefly on Persian sources. See also H.G. Rawlinson, Shivj the Marth: His Life and Times (1915, reprinted 1984); N.S. Takakhav, The Life of Shivaji Mahari, Founder of the Maratha Empire (1921, reissued as Life of Shiraji, 2 vol., 1985), based mainly on Marathi sources; and V.B. Kulkarni, Shjivaji: The Portrait of a Patriot (1963).