SLONIMSKI, ANTONI

born Nov. 15, 1895 , Warsaw, Pol., Russian Empire died July 4, 1976, Warsaw, Pol. Polish poet, translator, and newspaper columnist known for his devotion to pacifism and social justice. Slonimski studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. He lived for a time in Munich, Germany, and Paris and published his first poetry in 1913. He was a member of the Skamander poets, a group of young Warsaw intellectuals. After traveling to Palestine and Brazil he published the collection Droga na wschd (1924; Road to the East). In the early 1930s his poems reflected a world heading toward disaster, beset with economic and social problems, the rise of fascism, and the coming of war. His play Rodzina (1933; Family) is a comedy about two brothers, one a communist and the other a Nazi. His satiric, prescient novel Dwa konce swiata (1937; Two Ends of the World) envisions Warsaw totally destroyed by bombings that have been ordered by a dictator named Retlich. Slonimski converted from Judaism to Roman Catholicism. He spent the war years in exile, first in France and then in England. In 1951 he returned to Poland and became an outspoken anti-Stalinist who protested censorship and encouraged political and intellectual liberalization. In addition to thousands of poems, Slonimski published several plays and novels and well-regarded translations of some of William Shakespeare's works.