SMITHFIELD

area in the northwestern part of the City of London. It is famous for its meat market (the London Central Meat Market), one of the largest of its kind in the world. From 1133 until 1855 the site was used for the Bartholomew Fair, a cloth and meat market that later became known as a raucous entertainment centre. A weekly horse market was held there in the 1100s, and the site was also used for jousting and as a place of execution. It was the site of the rebel Wat Tyler's fatal meeting with Richard II in 1381. In the 1850s and '60s a new market was built at Smithfield by Horace Jones; it opened in 1868 and was expanded in 1875 and 1899. After a fire a new hall was constructed in 1963, and renovation of select buildings was approved in 1990. The several sections of the market now handle fresh and frozen meat, poultry, provisions, fish, and fruit. Smithfield is roughly framed on the northwest by Charterhouse Street and on the southeast by the Holborn Viaduct. In the east stands the Church of St. Bartholomew-the-Great, a remainder of the Augustinian priory founded by the monk Rahere, who also established St. Bartholomew's Hospital (1123); the hospital was rebuilt from 1730 to 1759.