SOCIT NATIONALE DES CHEMINS DE FER FRANAIS

(SNCF) English French National Railways state-owned railroad system of France, formed in 1938. The first railroad in France, from Saint-tienne to Andrzieux, opened in 1827. A line from Saint-tienne to Lyon was completed in 1832. In 1840 France had about 300 miles (500 km) of railroad, and by 1870, 9,300 miles (15,500 km). A highly centralized system developed with Paris as the hub, but several cross-country routes, such as Lyon to Nantes, Bordeaux to Lyon, and Calais to Basel, were also built. The system was effectively nationalized in 1938, when the Socit Nationale des Chemins de Fer Franais (SNCF) took over the operations of the privately owned Est, Midi, Nord, Paris-Lyons-Mediterranean, and Paris-Orleans railways, as well as the railways in western France. The state was given 51 percent control and has subsidized the system heavily. In 1981 the SNCF began its Train grande vitesse (TGV), or high-speed train, service on the Paris to Lyon line. The new trains, with their sleek design and low profile, were able to make the 265-mile (426-kilometre) trip in just two hours, operating at cruising speeds of up to 168 miles per hour (270 km per hour); the trains have a top speed of more than 235 mile/h (378 km/h).