SOKOLOW, NAHUM

born Feb. 3, 1861, Wyszogrd, Pol., Russian Empire [now in Poland] died May 17, 1936, London, Eng. Jewish journalist and Zionist leader. The descendant of an ancient Polish rabbinical family, Sokolow became well known for his contributions to the Jewish press in Hebrew and other languages. At 24 he became assistant editor of the Hebrew scientific weekly ha-Zefirah in Warsaw; later, as its editor, he transformed it into a modern daily newspaper with wide circulation. He also edited in Warsaw the literary and historical periodicals ha-Asif and Sefer ha-Shanah (18851902). In 1897 Sokolow joined the Zionist Organization. In 1906 he became its secretary-general and editor of its official organs Die Welt and the Hebrew weekly Ha-Olam. He traveled all over the world propagating Zionist ideas. After the outbreak of World War I he went to England, later becoming a naturalized British subject. He took a prominent part in Anglo-French negotiations leading to the Balfour Declaration of Nov. 2, 1917. Sokolow secured similar declarations in favour of a Jewish national home from France, Italy, Poland, South Africa, and other countries. In May 1917 Sokolow was received in the Vatican by Pope Benedict XV, who expressed his sympathy for the Zionist cause. At the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 Sokolow led the Zionist delegation and later was instrumental in obtaining minority rights for the Jews in some eastern European countries. He was president of the World Zionist Organization and of the Jewish Agency (193135) and chairman of the World Zionist Executive (192231). In 1960 his remains were transferred to Israel. His numerous writings include The History of Zionism, 16001918, 2 vol. (1919).