SPRAIN

overstretching or tearing of fibres in one or more of the ligaments that support a joint, caused by forced movement beyond their range. Symptoms include sudden severe pain, then swelling around the joint, tenderness, stiffness, and often black-and-blue marks as a result of bleeding into the joint. The common sites for sprains are the ankle, wrist, knee, finger or toe joints, and sacroiliac joint in the lower back. The usual treatment involves support and protection of the joint by adhesive bandaging and the use of graded exercises until healing is complete. If the sprain is severe, surgery to reunite ligaments may be necessary.