STOKER, BRAM

born Nov. 8, 1847, Dublin, Ire. died April 20, 1912, London, Eng. author of the popular horror tale Dracula. Although an invalid in early childhoodhe could not stand or walk until he was sevenStoker outgrew his weakness to become an outstanding athlete and football (soccer) player at the University of Dublin. After 10 years in the civil service at Dublin Castle, during which he was also an unpaid drama critic for the Dublin Mail, he made the acquaintance of his idol, the actor Sir Henry Irving, and from 1878 until Irving's death 27 years later, he acted as his manager, writing as many as 50 letters a day for him and accompanying him on his American tours. Turning to fiction late in life, Stoker published The Snake's Pass in 1890, and in 1897 his masterpiece, Dracula, appeared. Written chiefly in the form of diaries and journals kept by the principal charactersJonathan Harker, who made the first contact with the vampire Count Dracula; Mina, Jonathan's wife; Dr. Seward; and Lucy Westenra, a victim who herself became a vampirethe story is that of a Transylvanian vampire who, using supernatural powers, makes his way to England and there victimizes innocent people to gain the blood on which he lives. Led by Dr. Van Helsing, Harker and his friends, after many hair-raising adventures, are at last able to overpower and destroy Dracula. The immensely popular novel enjoyed equal success in several versions as a play and as a film. Stoker wrote several other novelsamong them The Mystery of the Sea (1902), The Jewel of Seven Stars (1904), and The Lady of the Shroud (1909)but none of them approached the popularity or, indeed, the quality of Dracula. Additional reading Stoker's life and work are discussed in Phyllis A. Roth, Bram Stoker (1982); and Barbara Belford, Bram Stoker (1996). Clive Leatherdale, Dracula: The Novel & the Legend, rev. ed. (1993), is a study of the novel and of Stoker's research.