SURTEES, ROBERT SMITH

born , May 17, 1803, The Riding, Northumberland, Eng. died March 16, 1864, Brighton, Sussex novelist of the chase and the creator of Mr. Jorrocks, one of the great comic characters of English literature, a Cockney grocer who is as blunt as John Bull and entirely given over to fox hunting. Riding to hounds was a passion with Surtees from the days when he hunted from the family residence, Hamsterley Hall in Durham; nearly all his writing involved horses and riding. Surtees' earliest works were published in The Sporting Magazine, and in 1831, with Rudolph Ackermann as publisher, he launched the New Sporting Magazine (N.S.M.), editing it until 1836. His novels appeared as serials in the N.S.M. or elsewhere or in monthly parts before final publication in book form, and these first and last dates are given after their titles. Jorrocks' Jaunts and Jollities (1831, 1838), a collection of tales (the prototype for Charles Dickens' Pickwick Papers), Handley Cross (1843, expanded 1854), and Hillingdon Hall (1843, 1845) all feature Mr. Jorrocks. There followed Hawbuck Grange (1846, 1847); Mr. Sponge's Sporting Tour (1849, 1853); Ask Mamma (1857, 1858); Plain or Ringlets? (1858, 1860); and Mr. Romford's Hounds (posthumous, 1865). Connoisseurs generally put first the chronicles of Soapey Sponge and Facey Romford, whose chief business is to pass off dangerous horses as tractable animals. In nearly all these books Surtees was fortunate to have as illustrators John Leech and Hablot Knight Browne (Phiz), the illustrator of the Pickwick Papers. Surtees was a mordant satirist. The snobbery, envy, greed, and ignorance that consume many of his characters are set down without geniality. His portrayal of provincial England just leaving the coaching for the railway era exposes its boredom, ill manners, discomfort, and coarse food, and its matter-of-factness makes admirable social history. Yet the descriptions of fast runs with hounds over open country leave the most lasting impression.