TALLCHIEF, MARIA

born Jan. 24, 1925, Fairfax, Okla., U.S. ballet dancer of North American Indian descent noted for fine technique and considered one of the greatest ballerinas of the United States. Born in a town on an Osage Indian reservation in Oklahoma, Maria Tallchief and her sister Marjorie were of Osage and Scotch-Irish descent. Both sisters began dancing as children and later studied with Bronislava Nijinska and David Lichine, among others. In 1942 Tallchief joined the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo. Over the next five years she attracted much attention with her performances in Chopin Concerto, Scheherezade, Etude, and Le Baiser de la fe. She created roles in George Balanchine's Danses concertantes (1944) and Night Shadow (1946), and in 1946 she and Balanchine married (divorced 1952). They left the Ballet Russe early in 1947 and, after a few months as guest artists with the Paris Opra Ballet, joined the new Ballet Society, which the next year became the New York City Ballet (NYCB). In her 18 years with that company Tallchief was the foremost exponent of Balanchine's choreography, and she was the company's prima ballerina in 195455. In 1960 she joined the American Ballet Theatre, but she returned to the NYCB three years later. Her performances in The Firebird, Orpheus, The Nutcracker, Sylvia pas de deux, Scotch Symphony, Pas de dix, and The Ground Symphony are among Tallchief's most highly acclaimed. She retired from the NYCB in 1965. She then served as artistic director of the Lyric Opera Ballet in Chicago and occasionally taught. In 1980 Tallchief founded the Chicago City Ballet and was artistic director until the company folded in 1987. In 1996 she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame, and that year she also received a Kennedy Center Honor. Maria Tallchief: America's Prima Ballerina (1997) is her autobiography. Additional reading Olga Maynard, Bird of Fire: The Story of Maria Tallchief (1961), covers her youth and career.