TANTIA TOPI

born c. 1819 died April 18, 1859 also spelled Tatya Tope, original name Ramchandra Panduranga a leader of the Indian Mutiny of 1857. Though without formal military training, he was probably the best and most effective of the rebels' generals. Tantia Topi was a Maratha Brahman in the service of the former peshwa (ruler) of the Maratha confederation, Baji Rao, and of his adopted son Nana Sahib, who was also prominent in the mutiny. He was present at Nana Sahib's massacre of the British colony in Cawnpore (Kanpur); in early November 1857 he had taken command of the rebel forces of the state of Gwalior and driven Gen. C.A. Windham into his entrenchments at Cawnpore on November 2728. He was defeated by Sir Colin Campbell on December 6 but remained at Kalpi, the scene of his defeat. In March 1858 he moved to the relief of Jhansi, whose rani (queen) was besieged by British forces. Again defeated, he welcomed the escaping rani at Kalpi and then made a successful dash to Gwalior on June 1. His forces were broken up on June 19, but he continued resistance as a guerrilla fighter in the jungle until his betrayal and execution.