TONAWANDANORTH TONAWANDA

twin industrial cities, in Erie and Niagara counties, western New York, U.S. They lie at the junction of the New York State Canal System and the Niagara River and form part of the Buffalo urban complex. Permanent settlement began in 1823, when labourers arrived to work on the Erie Canal. In 1836 Tonawanda Township was set off from Buffalo; Tonawanda was separated as a village in 1854 and received a city charter in 1903. North Tonawanda, originally a ward of Tonawanda village, was separately incorporated (1865) and became a city in 1897. After the decline of the lumber trade (which reached its peak in the 1890s), new industries were established, stimulated by hydroelectric power from Niagara Falls. Manufactured products now include sponges, abrasives, pumps, safety equipment, tires, and aircraft instruments. Tonawanda is an Iroquois word meaning swift running water. The Herschell Carrousel Factory Museum is in North Tonawanda. The Tonawanda Indian Reservation lies about 22 miles (35 km) to the east. Pop. (1990) Tonawanda, 17,284; North Tonawanda, 34,989; (1998 est.) Tonawanda, 15,901; North Tonawanda, 32,947.