TRANSVESTISM

practice of wearing the clothes of the opposite sex (cross-dressing), generally to derive some kind of sexual pleasure. It is often mistakenly associated with homosexuality; in fact, however, transvestites may be either heterosexual or homosexual, and the practice of cross-dressing is sometimes even ridiculed among homosexuals. The transvestite must also be distinguished from the transsexual, who desires to become a functioning member of the opposite sex; most transvestites are men who comfortably fill male roles in society and are satisfied with their biological sex. Transsexuals, both male and female, are uncomfortable with their sex and are usually required to cross-dress for an extended period before they undergo surgery. That most transvestites are men is at least in part a result of the role of fashion in Western culture; in the mid-to-late 20th century Western women wearing trousers and other clothes once considered to be exclusively men's clothes are not seen as deviant. Transvestites may quite early in life express interest in the clothes and manners of the opposite sex and, around the time of puberty, may develop erotic fantasies associated with cross-dressing. One type of transvestite whose cross-dressing remains a form of fetishism (q.v.) concentrates on a single favourite garment, such as shoes or underwear. Most transvestites keep the practice a secret because of negative societal connotations. A small segment of the homosexual male population does engage in transvestism; these men are referred to as drag queens by other homosexuals, and the practice of cross-dressing is called being in drag. Unlike the male transsexual who wants to pass in society as a normal woman, the drag queen often wears flamboyant outfits in a conscious caricature of femininity. Some male cross-dressers are professional female impersonators, entertainers who usually impersonate female celebrities. Entertainers who cross-dress (usually quite unconvincingly) to comic effect are quite popular in some cultures, particularly in England. In general, however, transvestism may be distinguished from other types of cross-dressing by the elements of emotional or sexual gratification it affords the transvestite, rather than for its entertainment value.