TUCHOLSKY, KURT

pseudonyms Theobald Tiger, Peter Panter, Ignaz Wrobel, and Kaspar Hauser born Jan. 9, 1890, Berlin died Dec. 21, 1935, Hindas, near Gteborg, Swed. German satirical essayist, poet, and critic, best-known for his cabaret songs. After studying law and serving in World War I, Tucholsky left Germany in 1924 and lived first in Paris and after 1929 in Sweden. He contributed to Rote Signale (1931; Red Signals), a collection of communist poetry, and to Schaubhne, later Die Weltbhne, a journal published by the pacifist Carl von Ossietzky. In 1933 Tucholsky's works were denounced by the Nazi government and banned, and he was stripped of his German citizenship. He committed suicide in 1935. Tucholsky's output includes aphorisms, book and drama reviews, light verse, short stories, and witty satirical essays in which he criticized German militarism and nationalism and the dehumanizing forces of the modern age. His poetry was set to music and performed widely in German cabarets.