TUPELO

any of about seven species of trees constituting the genus Nyssa, and belonging to the sour gum family (Nyssaceae). Five of the species are found in moist or swampy areas of eastern North America, one in eastern Asia, and one in western Malaysia. They all have horizontal or hanging branches and broad alternate leaves, and they are dioecious (male and female flowers on different plants). The most widely distributed member in North America is the black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica), also known as black gum, sour gum, or pepperidge tree. It grows in woods and moist areas from Maine southward to the Gulf Coast and westward to Oklahoma. This tree typically grows to a height of 60 feet (18 m) and occasionally attains a height of 100 feet (30 m). It is sometimes grown as an ornamental and is prized for the brilliant scarlet autumnal foliage. A variety of the black tupelo called the swamp black tupelo (N. sylvatica, variety biflora) grows in swamps along the East coast and in the Deep South. The water tupelo (N. aquatica), also called cotton gum, or swamp gum, grows in swamps of the southeastern and Gulf coasts and in the Mississippi River valley northward to southern Illinois. It grows in pure stands or in association with bald cypress and other swamp trees. The water tupelo typically reaches heights of 80100 feet (2430 m), and its trunk is conspicuously enlarged at the base. The ogeechee lime (N. ogeche) is a rarer North American tupelo that produces edible fruits and a fine honey. All the North American tupelos produce small greenish white flowers and small bluish black or purple berries (fruits). Tupelo wood, most of which comes from the water tupelo, is pale yellow to light brown, fine-textured, and strong. It is used for crates and boxes, flooring, wooden utensils, and veneers.