URRACA

born , 107781 died March 8, 1126, Saldana, Castile queen of Leon and Castile from 1109 to 1126, daughter of Alfonso VI. Urraca became her father's heiress when her brother, Sancho, was killed at Ucls (1108). She was the widow of Count Raymond of Burgundy, by whom she had had one son, Alfonso Ramrez (born 1104), the future Alfonso VII. To counterbalanceit was hopedthe dangers of a female succession during the Almoravid crisis, Urraca's marriage to her second cousin, Alfonso I of Aragon, was arranged (1109). This marriage, instead of producing political stability in Urraca's kingdom, led to years of anarchy. Urraca and her husband, according to the marriage settlement, became corulers in each other's lands, and Alfonso thereupon put Aragonese garrisons into many Leonese and Castilian cities. The notion of an Aragonese-Castilian political union was, however, premature, and although Urraca's municipalities tended to accept the Aragonese king, the magnates were hostile. Civil war broke out and continued for years, many supporting the claims of the child Alfonso Ramrez to the throne. Matters were further complicated by the temperamental incompatibility of Urraca and her husband, who soon quarreled. Pope Paschal II, moreover, declared their marriage canonically invalid. They finally separated in 1114, though the Aragonese king continued for some years thereafter to keep his garrisons in Castile and to use the royal title. Struggles also continued between nobles and municipalities, between rival bands of magnates, between the archbishops of Santiago and Toledo, and between the former, the bishop Diego Gelmrez, and Urraca herself. Alfonso Ramrez was crowned by Gelmrez in 1111, and his reign in Galicia began effectivelydespite Urraca's intermittent but active oppositionin 1116. Urraca's death in 1126 ended a disastrous episode in the medieval political history of Christian Spain.