URSULINE

member of Order of Saint Ursula (O.S.U.) a Roman Catholic religious order of women founded at Brescia, Italy, in 1535, by St. Angela Merici, as the first institute for women dedicated exclusively to the education of girls. Angela and her 28 companions placed themselves under the protection of St. Ursula, a legendary 4th-century martyr whose cult was popular in medieval Europe. The original Ursulines remained in their families and carried out all kinds of charitable work, but their main endeavour was instruction in Christian doctrine. As the Ursulines spread throughout Italy and France, certain modifications of form took place, although the aim and the spirit of the founder were preserved. In 1572 the Ursulines of Milan, at the request of St. Charles Borromeo, began to live in community as a congregation. The congregation of Paris in 1612 was raised to the status of a monastic order, living a strictly cloistered, or enclosed, life. In most modern Ursuline convents the enclosure has been modified to meet the needs of the apostolate. Through the efforts of Pope Leo XIII, in 1900 a Roman union of Ursuline convents was created. Many communities, however, retain their independent organization or are united in smaller groups. In 1639 Marie Guyard (Marie of the Incarnation) founded the Ursuline house at Quebec, the first congregation of women to be established in North America.