UTICA

city, seat (1798) of Oneida county, central New York, U.S., on the Mohawk River and New York State Canal System, 45 miles (72 km) east of Syracuse. The first settlers were Dutch and Palatinate Germans, and in 1758 the British built Old Fort Schuyler, near the site of an ancient Oneida Indian council stone. Destroyed by the Indian-Tory raid in 1776, the early village was rebuilt and connected by stagecoach to Albany (1793) and by river to Schenectady. Incorporated as the village of Utica (its name was drawn from a hat) in 1798, it grew as a textile-industrial centre following the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825. In 1879 F.W. Woolworth opened his first store in Utica, selling only merchandise costing five cents or less (the store failed the same year). Diversified manufacturing developed after World War II and now includes medical and surgical equipment, wood furniture, jewelry boxes and desk accessories, power transmissions (aerospace), and textile reinforcements for tires. The city is surrounded by dairylands with truck farms to the west. Mohawk Valley Community College of the State University of New York system and the Utica College of Syracuse University were established there in 1946, and the State University of New York Institute of Technology at Utica/Rome in 1966. The Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute (incorporated as a school of art in 1919) maintains a museum. Utica is the site of the Mohawk Valley Psychiatric Center, the Masonic Home and Health Facility, and several hospitals. Inc. city, 1832. Pop. (1990) city, 68,637; Utica-Rome MSA, 316,645; (1998 est.) city, 59,334; (1996 est.) Utica-Rome MSA, 302,405. modern Utique traditionally the oldest Phoenician settlement on the coast of North Africa. It is located near the mouth of the Majardah (French Medjerda, ancient Bagradas) River in modern Tunisia. After its founding in the 8th or 7th century BC, Utica grew rapidly and was second only to Carthage among Phoenician settlements in Africa. In the Third Punic War (149146 BC), Utica sided with Rome against Carthage; after the destruction of Carthage it was made the administrative centre of the Roman province of Africa. Utica became a municipium (a community that exercised partial rights of Roman citizenship) under Octavian (later the emperor Augustus) in 36 BC and a colonia (a Roman settlement with full rights) under the emperor Hadrian (ruled AD 117138); but it lost its primacy in Africa when Carthage was refounded as a Roman city in 44 BC. Little is known of its later history. Excavations have uncovered a number of Phoenician graves dating from the 8th century BC onward and a substantial residential section of the Roman city.