UTSUNOMIYA

capital, Tochigi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. The city is situated on the alluvial plain between the Ta River and the Kinu River. A castle town in the 11th century, it later served as a post town on the Nikko Highway during the Tokugawa era (16031867). The city became the prefectural administrative centre in 1884. During World War II industries were relocated to Utsunomiya from Tokyo, producing railway cars, aircraft, and machinery. Utsunomiya's other manufactures include processed foods, paper, and tobacco. Rice and vegetables are grown in the surrounding area. A university was founded there in 1949. The layout of the city and many of its buildings have not changed since the 19th century. Tourism is based on several old temples and other places of interest. The Oya Temple was founded during the Heian era (7941185) and contains the oldest Buddhist images in Japan. The Peace Kannon (a manifestation of the goddess of compassion) is an 88-foot (27-metre) statue that was carved on the wall of a quarry between 1948 and 1956 . Pop. (1990) 426,809.