VILAKAZI, BENEDICT WALLET

born Jan. 6, 1906, Groutville, Natal [now in South Africa] died Oct. 26, 1947, Johannesburg, S.Af. Zulu poet, novelist, and educator who devoted his career to the teaching and study of the Zulu language and literature. Vilakazi became a teacher and earned a B.A. in 1934 from the University of South Africa, Pretoria. He began publishing poetry and articles in various journals in the 1930s, and his novels from that time are among the earliest Zulu works to handle a modern subject matter. Vilakazi helped to compile a Zulu-English dictionary, and in 1938 he earned an M.A. from Witwatersrand University in Johannesburg. In 1946 he was awarded a doctoral degree in literature from Witwatersrand for a dissertation on Zulu poetry, thereby becoming the first African (i.e., black) in South Africa to obtain a doctorate. He later served as a a senior lecturer at Witwatersrand University and taught in Lesotho as well. Vilakazi's literary output was large. He is best known for his poetry, which critics praise for the beauty and vitality resulting from his astute powers of observation and for his full use of the resources of the Zulu language. His first book of verse, Inkondlo kaZulu (1935; Zulu National Songs), was the first collection of Western-influenced poetry ever published in the Zulu language. It was selected by Witwatersrand University in 1935 to be the lead volume of its Bantu Treasury Series. Vilakazi's next collection of verse, Amal'ezulu (1945; Zulu Treasures), became the eighth volume of the same series. These two volumes appeared together in English translation under the title Zulu Horizons (1962). The best known of Vilakazi's three novels is Noma nini (1935; Forever and Ever).