WAGNER, ROBERT F.

born April 20, 1910, New York, N.Y., U.S.-d. Feb. 12, 1991, New York in full Robert Ferdinand Wagner, Jr. American Democratic Party politician and mayor of New York City (1954-65). Wagner was named for his father, a U.S. senator and sponsor of the Social Security Act. After an education at Yale University (A.B., 1933, LL.D., 1937), Wagner served as an intelligence officer in the Army Air Corps during World War II. He launched his political career by associating himself with the powerful Democratic machine Tammany Hall, which had controlled city and state politics in New York for 150 years. Wagner was aided by his father and quickly advanced to the position of Manhattan borough president (1949). After being elected mayor in 1954, Wagner, a soft-spoken man, fortified his popularity with the voters for such acts as granting collective-bargaining rights to municipal labour unions, demolishing slums, and commissioning public housing. He also promoted the arts, helping to establish the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, engaging in the fight to save Carnegie Hall from demolition, and introducing free Shakespearean productions in Central Park. His civil-rights record was uneven; he appointed members of minority groups to government posts, but his administration pursued a policy of suppressing homosexuals and their gathering places. Wagner began distancing himself from Tammany Hall in 1958 and aligned himself with political reformers. By the time that he successfully sought reelection in 1961, the break was final. After leaving the mayor's office, Wagner was a partner in a New York law firm (from 1972) and served as ambassador to Spain (1968-69) and presidential envoy to the Vatican (1978-80).