WAN-LI

born Sept. 4, 1563 died Aug. 18, 1620 Pinyin Wanli (reign name), personal name (hsing-ming) Chu I-chn, posthumous name (shih) Hsien-ti, temple name (miao-hao) (ming) Shen-tsung emperor of China from 1573 to 1620, during the latter portion of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). Wan-li was a recluse whose apparent inattention to government affairs contributed to the abuses of power by provincial officials and other political figures that came to dominate that era of Chinese history. The violence and corruption among leaders of the northern provinces led to much popular dissatisfaction and unrest, preparing the way for the invasion from the north by the Manchu, who subsequently conquered all of China and established the Ch'ing dynasty (1644-1911/12). Wan-li's reign also witnessed some of the earliest Western inroads into China, among them the establishment by the Italian priest Matteo Ricci of missions there.