WETZSTEIN, JOHANN GOTTFRIED

born Feb. 19, 1815, Oelsnitz, Saxony died Jan. 18, 1905, Berlin Orientalist who propounded (1873) a literal interpretation of the Song of Solomon, which, despite its presence in the Old Testament, he read as an anthology of love songs having no religious or allegorical significance. A similar idea had been advanced by the philosopher and theologian Johann Gottfried von Herder, but Wetzstein's observations of Syrian marriage customs (he was Prussian consul at Damascus, 184862) gave substance to the theory. Widely accepted for a time, his interpretation was partly superseded by and partly assimilated by the fertility cultmythological view, proposed early in the 20th century.